MEJRS
2017 - 2 Makaleler

Akdeniz Havzasında Soykırımcı Niyetin Kanıtı Olarak Mültecilerin Dramı: Bosna, Kıbrıs, Irak, Libya ve Suriye Üzerinden Zorunlu Göçü Yorumlamak

By 11 Mins Read
Uluslararası toplum, 1980’lerden bu yana giderek artan bir şekilde çeşitli toplulukların evlerini terk etmeye zorlanmalarını, güvenlik riski şeklinde değerlendirdikleri için bu durumu “soykırım” olarak kınamaya başladı. İran’ın Bahailere yönelik eylemleri, BM soykırım araştırma komisyonu tarafından soykırım olarak sınıflandırılan eylemler içerdiğinden 1980’lerde kınanmıştır. Diğer kitlesel mülteci göçleri, zaman zaman soykırım olarak tanımlanmış, bazılarına filli olarak da müdahale edilmiştir. Örneğin Hindistan’ın Doğu Pakistan’daki Bengallilere ve Hindulara yapılanları soykırım ilan etmesi, Vietnam’ın komünist Kamboçya’da yaşananlar için soykırım ilan etmesi bunlar arasında sayılabilir. 1992’den itibaren, Türkiye ve diğer Doğu Akdeniz ülkeleri Bosnalı Sırpları ve Sırpların Bosnalı Müslümanlara karşı “etnik temizlik” politikalarını “bir çeşit soykırım” olarak eleştirmeye başladılar. Boşnakların Sırplar tarafından soykırıma uğradığı suçlaması, askerî müdahaleyi doğurmuştur. Bu makale, uluslararası hukukun zorla göç ettirilenlere yönelik muameleyi tanımladığı kavramlarla başlamaktadır. Daha sonra, savaş zamanlarında veya ulusal güvenliğe yönelik diğer tehditler söz konusuyken soykırımcı niyet hukukunu ele almaktadır. Bu makalenin temel tezi, yargı mercilerinin, Eski Yugoslavya Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesinin içtihatlarını Doğu Akdeniz mültecilerine soykırım yapılmasını engellemek üzere uyarlanabilecekleri şeklindedir.

Soykırım • Mülteciler • Mahkemeler • Bosna Hersek • Irak • Suriye

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

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